CPT Code 90901: Biofeedback training by any modality

When to Use CPT 90901

Use CPT code 90901 when billing for biofeedback training by any modality. This code is used by licensed therapists (LCSW, LPC, MFT, Psychologist) for outpatient sessions.

Adding CPT 90901 to a Superbill

When generating a superbill with CPT 90901, include the ICD-10 diagnosis code, date of service, fee charged, amount paid, and your NPI number. Superbilled pre-fills common therapy CPT codes automatically.

Common ICD-10 Pairings

These diagnosis codes are frequently used alongside CPT 90901:

Documentation Requirements

Document the modality (EEG neurofeedback, HRV, EMG), session length, protocol used, and measurable treatment goals. Note that many payers classify neurofeedback as investigational — records supporting medical necessity matter for appeals.

Common Denial Reasons

• ✗ Payer classifies neurofeedback as experimental/investigational
• ✗ Missing documentation of modality and protocol
• ✗ Billed with an unsupported diagnosis pairing

Modifier Notes

Untimed code — bill once per session regardless of length. This is the biofeedback-only code; do not bill it alongside 90875 or 90876 (biofeedback combined with psychotherapy) for the same encounter, since those codes already include the biofeedback component.

Reimbursement Expectations

OON reimbursement is inconsistent: expect denial-then-appeal with many commercial plans. When covered, typical allowed amounts run $50-$110 per session.